Harvard’s dominance in science is now facing a challenge from China. The question is no longer about rankings, but about who will set the rules for science in the years to come. Beijing is preparing to take lead scientific expertise, positioning itself to rival Harvard’s long-standing influence. In this changing scenario, India faces a choice: either build its own research strength or continue relying on others. Harvard’s dominance in science is now facing a challenge from China. The question is no longer about rankings, but about who will set the rules for science in the years to come. Beijing is preparing to take lead scientific expertise, positioning itself to rival Harvard’s long-standing influence. In this changing scenario, India faces a choice: either build its own research strength or continue relying on others.