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The Middle East’s persistent conflicts stem beyond oil, power struggles, and Shia-Sunni divides, tracing back to the Ottoman Empire’s 1918 collapse and Western colonial interference. Britain and France imposed artificial borders via the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement, ignoring tribal, ethnic, and sectarian realities.  The Middle East’s persistent conflicts stem beyond oil, power struggles, and Shia-Sunni divides, tracing back to the Ottoman Empire’s 1918 collapse and Western colonial interference. Britain and France imposed artificial borders via the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement, ignoring tribal, ethnic, and sectarian realities.