Bangladesh’s 13th parliamentary election was not a revolution but a calculated reckoning shaped by voter anger, FPTP arithmetic, and organisational depth. The BNP returned to power as Jamaat surged regionally, yet failed to generate a national wave. Bangladesh’s 13th parliamentary election was not a revolution but a calculated reckoning shaped by voter anger, FPTP arithmetic, and organisational depth. The BNP returned to power as Jamaat surged regionally, yet failed to generate a national wave.